The Stolen Generations

Contents

Stolen Generations - the definition

Maps of places mentioned in text New South Wales Victoria South Australia Western Australia Tasmania Northern Territory

Introduction – Overview Australia's reputation for genocide Why there were no Stolen Generations The fate of the Stolen Generations thesis in the courts How many children were removed Education versus institutionalization The origins of the myth The best-kept conspiracy in Australian history The criminals who enacted the programs Black and white perspectives on the apology

Preface The holes in the rabbit-proof fence The Australian Legend in Baz Luhrmanns Australia

Chapter One The invention of the Stolen Generations Selling the story to the news media Intellectuals old Marxists and the Holocaust Peter Read and the stolen generations The impact of Reads pamphlet

Chapter Two The evidence of the New South Wales archives The permanency of separation Childrens age at separation Sex of separated children Destinations of Aboriginal wards Family status of separated children Official reasons for removal Neglected children and orphans Peter Reads estimate of separations in NSW A realistic count of separations in NSW The impact of separation on the Aboriginal population Behind the statistics and official terminology

Chapter Three The intentions of the policy makers The first Protector in New South Wales Founding the NSW Aborigines Protection Board Public education for Aboriginal children The institutionalization of Aboriginal children The boarding out system for Aboriginal apprentices Apprenticeship and the goal of closing the reserves The conspiracy to reduce the Aboriginal birthrate Marriage and the dying race myth Outcomes of the apprenticeship system The brief trial of white foster care The awkward examples of Faith Bandler and Pearl Gibbs The last days of Aborigines Welfare Board Apprenticeship and boarding out for white children

Chapter Four The culture of the camps The functions and economics of stations and reserves The extent of government funding in New South Wales Camp culture and Aboriginal culture Intemperance and its consequences Indolence and the welfare dilemma Child sexual abuse and venereal disease The sexual vulnerability of girls in apprenticeship

Chapter Five Life in the institutions Degree of separation and length of institutionalization Segregated institutions and ethnic identity The effects of institutionalization Isolation from parents at institutions The loss of family love Quality of accommodation The sterility of the environment Making children ashamed to be Aboriginal The disciplinary regime Punishment and death at Cootamundra Complaints about Bomaderry Childrens Home in 1934 Punishment and sexual abuse at Kinchela Quality of the training The institutions at Singleton and Warangesda

Chapter Six The credibility of the stolen children Margaret Tuckers political fiction Sally Morgans family melodrama The true history of Lois O'Donoghe The stolen youth of Charles Perkins

Chapter Seven Breeding out the colour AO Neville and the Native Administration Act of 1936 The development of AO Nevilles ideas Neville and the Doomed Race theory Neville's ultimate solution for part-Aborigines Cecil Cooks arranged marriages in the Northern Territory JW Bleakleys defence of segregation The myth of eugenics in Aboriginal policy Commonwealth policy versus bureaucratic opinion Breeding out the colour and genocide -- a re-assessment

Chapter Eight The totalitarian regime of AO Neville Education and training policy for half-caste people Training for half-castes at Moore River The forcible removal of children to Moore River The Home for Girls at East Perth The sinister aims of Sister Kate The great round-up of half-castes at Moola Bulla How many child removals in Western Australia

Chapter Nine Sex disease and missionaries in Western Australia Sexuality and public health concerns in the Kimberley The extent of Kimberley child removals in the 1900s The reason for the focus on half-caste children The symbiosis between state and missions Mary Bennett and the sexual abuse of children Dormitories and the destruction of Aboriginal culture The social functions of mission dormitories Missions and children - an evaluation

Chapter Ten Part-Aborigines in the Northern Territory The intentions of the Northern Territory authorities in the prewar period The motives of the missionaries The half-caste colony on Groote Eylandt The bombing of Darwin and the evacuation of the Aborigines The incidence of removals in Northern Territory the postwar period The evidence about the Retta Dixon Home Sister Eileen Heath and St Marys Hostel The intentions of the Northern Territory authorities in the postwar period The practices of welfare and patrol officers in the 1950s The half-caste as outcast The big removal from Phillip Creek in 1947 The High Court and the question of genocide

Chapter Eleven The hollow apology of Tasmania The airbrushing of Molly Mallett The Tasmanian governments pursuit of assimilation The number of Tasmanian child removals The absurdity of compensation in Tasmania The defamation of Harold Blair Victorias embarrasing lack of stolen generations Formal and informal adoptions in Victoria In Victoria we are all stolen generations now

Chapter Twelve The legal position in the courts The unfortunate life of Bruce Trevorrow Was Bruce Trevorrow one of the Stolen Generations The legal status of child removal in South Australia The absence of stolen children in Queensland

Chapter Thirteen How many Aboriginal children separated from parents How many forcible removals in Australia